Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management
This article explains the Henri Fayol's 14 principles of Management. For proper and systematic management of the organization, these principles of management are used. It helps in planning, decision-making, oraganizing, controling etc. functions of the management. Let's discuss all the 14 principles.
1. Division of Work
Fayol's theory emphasizes that since all tasks cannot be performed effectively by one person, large tasks should be divided into simplified work units and given responsibility to appropriate people based on qualifications, experience or specialization. After division of work, groups of tasks of similar nature should be prepared.
2. Authority and Responsibility
Responsibility and authority are interrelated terms. The obligation to complete the assigned work in the best manner on time is called responsibility, while the formal ability or power to be taken various decisions while carrying out the responsibility is called authority. This theory emphasizes that any employee should not be given the responsibility only, he should also be given the right to take various decisions during performance. But delegation of authority should be done in proportion to the amount of responsibility. If the rights are more, there is a possibility of abuse, and without the rights, the responsibility cannot be fulfilled at the prescribed level in time.
3. Discipline
Discipline means to follow up the orders or guidelines given by a higher level employees or managers and also follow the organization's policies, rules, and procedures in a proper and effective manner. Discipline should be maintained not only by lower level employees but also by managers. For this, the policies and rules of the organization should be clear, equal and valid for everyone. Equal and fair policies, rules or laws to all help to maintain discipline in the organization.
4. Unity of Command
This theory emphasizes that only one supervisor should give orders to an employee at a time. When many supervisors give orders at the same time, the employees get confused and the performance may not be effective. An employee cannot focus on performance due to confusion about which supervisor he/she is responsible and accountable to.
5. Unity of Direction
Unity in direction means that there should be a single procedure, a single direction and only one supervisor for the same kind of work to be done in the organization. If this can be done, functional unity and coordination can be established.
6. Subordination of Individual Interest
In the organization, the organizational goals are more important than the personal interests or goals of the employees. It means every person should give up the personal interests or goals and try to achieve the organizational goals. It is possible to achieve personal goals only if the goals of the organization are achieved. So Fayol emphasized that all managers and employees should be motivated to achieve organizational goal.
7. Remuneration of personnel
According to this principle, wages, salaries of the employees working in the organization should be provided based on the qualifications, experience, efficiency, responsibilities, etc. of the employees. Apart from salary, various other facilities should also be provided to the employees. The remuneration and facilities given to them should be competitive and transparent. While determining the salary, the organization's ability, employee's qualification, experience, market inflation, salary scale provided by other organizations, responsibilities etc. should be the basis.
8. Centralization
Fayol said that through this principle, the ultimate responsibility and authority in the organization should be vested in the top level management (centre). If authority is given unnecessarily to subordinates, there is a possibility of its misuse and it is also difficult to maintain discipline in the organization. Therefore, it is imperative to be centralized the final decision-making authority. It is depend upon the size, nature and structure of the organizations.
9. Scalar Chain
This principle emphasizes that there should be direct contact among the Top level management and lower level employees.
It helps to make the way of giving orders and following orders straight. It brings uniformity and certainty in the flow of information. It can be made more systematic and effective by establishing a simple linear relationship for instructions, orders or information within the organization.
10. Order
This principle emphasizes that all the resources available in the organization should be kept in well defined places so that it allows to use raw material or machine in less time without any interruption. Human resources, machines, equipment, raw materials should be kept in well defined places.
11. Equity
According to this principle, all the employees woking in the organization should be treated equally and respectfully. There should be fair salary facility. There should be valid basis to everyone in the organization for promotion, salary increment etc.
12. Stability of tenure
This theory believes that the stability of the employees working in the organization is necessary for the success of the organization. If there is higher employee turnover then it will affect the managerial activities such as planning, organizing, decision making etc.
13. Initiative
According to this theory, managers should motivate their subordinates for higher productivity by giving them opportunities to be participating in planning, organizing, decision-making etc.
14. Esprit de Corps
Managers should always focus to be maintained strong unity among the every units of the organization. For this, managers should interact among the employees and motivate and support them.
These principles of management guides the managers of the organization to run the organizational smoothly and achieve the organizational goal.
Also Read : Definition and characteristics of Management
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