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Scientific Research : Definition, Meaning and Process

Scientific Research : Definition and Process

What is Scientific Research

Definition of Scientific Research
Scientific Research is a systematic, empirical, controlled,  and critical investigation of hypothetical conclusion.Generally, it is conducted for solving the problems. It helps to find out the main causes of the problem and find the solutions to that problem.

Scientific research is the step by step process. In scientific research , data are collected, analysed, interpreted and evaluated in a planned manner. Before the process of scientific research, the researcher makes plans, chooses the subject matter and methods for drawing the quality conclusion.

Scientific research is the use of scientific method systematically to study the social phenomena or issues and draw the valid conclusion.Scientific research starts with a specified research question and the formulation of a hypothesis to solve that question. Hypothesis should be clear and answerable.

Process or Steps of Scientific Research

Process of scientific research
Process of Scientific Research


Scientific research is the step by step process. It is the combination of various steps which is followed while conducting scientific research. If you carefully and systematically follow these steps of scientific research, the probability of making error will be reduced and the probability of drawing accurate conclusion can be increased. Following are the steps or process of scientific research :-
1. Realizing Problem
It is the first step of scientific research in which problems are realized by feelings, observation, experience or study. At this stage you might not know what is happening but you realize that something is happening. You feel that the things are not going on as like before.

2. Problem Identification
After realizing the problem, researcher tries to find out the actual problem and its causes too. Researcher finds out what is actually happening. If problems are clearly identifed then it will help to solve that problem very accurately in short time.

3. Review of Literature
In this step, Researcher starts to find out other researches conducted by someone else on same subject matter. He/she also reads the articles written by different writers on same subject matter in which researcher wants to research. It helps in the research process. It also helps the researchers to move to accurate solutions.

4. Hypothesis Formulation
In this step, researcher formulates the hypothesis. Hypothesis is the assumption of result on the basis of past experience of the researcher.  It is a study about the relationship between two or more variables which need to be investigated whether it is true or not. This helps to determine the methodology to be used and data to be collected. Hypothesis may be accepted or rejected.

5. Research Design
After formulating the hypothesis , researcher makes the design for how to conduct the research from start to end.  In this step researcher identifies the place from where and whom data are to be collected, methods to be used while collecting data etc. It depends on the nature of problem and the researcher. It is the overall framework of research process.

6. Collection of Data
After designing the research process, researcher starts to collect the data through questionnaire, interview, observation etc. It is very important step of scientific research. If data are collected accurately then it will give the accurate result. But if data are collected inaccurately the result may be wrong. Collection of the data are based on the problem and research design.

7. Data Analysis
After collecting the required data , researcher analyses these data with the help of statistical, financial and accounting tools and techniques to draw the conclusion. These data are presented on table, chart etc. on the basis of nature of that data. It is also very important stage. If the collected data are analysed systematically then it will give the quality result.

8. Interpretation and Generalization
After analyzing the data, the result or conclusion is drawn and can be applied into large scale. It is the final step of scientific research in which formulated hypothesis may be accepted or rejected.

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